BakNRet/tools/lab/New-BakNRetLab.ps1

<#
.SYNOPSIS
    从零搭出 BakNRet 的 Hyper-V 隔离测试 VM（真机级：真 NTFS、真 ACL、真连接点、真重启）。

.DESCRIPTION
    全流程无人值守、不需要点任何安装向导，也不需要 VM 的图形界面：

      1. disk   —— 挂载 Windows ISO，建 80 GB 动态 VHDX，按 UEFI 规范 GPT 分区，
                    用 DISM 把 install.wim 的指定版本展开进去，注入 7-Zip / PowerShell 7 /
                    Pester / 供给脚本，写入 C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml，最后 bcdboot 写引导；
      2. vm     —— 建 Gen2 虚拟机（8 GB / 8 vCPU、Default Switch、"来宾服务接口"打开、
                    关闭安全启动以便离线注入的引导链可用），挂载系统盘并启动；
      3. provision —— 等首次登录的供给脚本跑完，读回 VM 自报的真机事实，然后打检查点
                    clean-baseline（之后 Lab.ps1 -Verb reset 可秒回到干净状态）。

    幂等：已存在的 VHDX / VM 会复用，除非显式加 -Recreate。

.PARAMETER ListImages
    只打印 ISO 里的映像索引清单，不建任何东西。

.PARAMETER Stage
    all（默认）/ disk / vm / provision，可单独重跑某一段排查问题。

.EXAMPLE
    gsudo pwsh -NoProfile -File .\tools\lab\New-BakNRetLab.ps1 -ListImages
.EXAMPLE
    gsudo pwsh -NoProfile -File .\tools\lab\New-BakNRetLab.ps1
#>

[CmdletBinding()]
param(
    [ValidateSet('all', 'disk', 'vm', 'provision')][string]$Stage = 'all',
    [switch]$Recreate,
    [switch]$ListImages,
    [int]$ImageIndex = 0
)

$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'
. (Join-Path $PSScriptRoot 'Lab-Common.ps1')
$cfg = Get-LabConfig

if ($ImageIndex -gt 0) { $cfg.ImageIndex = $ImageIndex }

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ISO 与映像清单
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

function Get-IsoVolume {
    $di = Get-DiskImage -ImagePath $cfg.IsoPath -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
    if (-not $di -or -not $di.Attached) { $di = Mount-DiskImage -ImagePath $cfg.IsoPath -PassThru }
    Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 1200
    return $di
}

function Get-ImageList {
    param([Parameter(Mandatory)][string]$IsoLetter)
    $wim = @('install.wim', 'install.esd') |
        ForEach-Object { Join-Path "$IsoLetter`:\sources" $_ } |
        Where-Object { Test-Path -LiteralPath $_ } | Select-Object -First 1
    if (-not $wim) { throw "ISO ($IsoLetter`:) 里找不到 sources\install.wim|esd" }
    $info = & dism.exe /English /Get-WimInfo /WimFile:"$wim" 2>&1
    $list = @(); $cur = $null
    foreach ($line in $info) {
        if ($line -match '^Index\s*:\s*(\d+)') { if ($cur) { $list += $cur }; $cur = [ordered]@{ Index = [int]$Matches[1]; Name = ''; Size = '' } }
        elseif ($cur -and $line -match '^Name\s*:\s*(.+?)\s*$') { $cur.Name = $Matches[1] }
        elseif ($cur -and $line -match '^Size\s*:\s*(.+?)\s*$') { $cur.Size = $Matches[1] }
    }
    if ($cur) { $list += $cur }
    return [pscustomobject]@{ WimPath = $wim; Images = $list }
}

if ($ListImages) {
    Assert-LabElevated -Why '挂载 ISO 需要管理员'
    $di = Get-IsoVolume
    $letter = ($di | Get-Volume).DriveLetter
    $il = Get-ImageList -IsoLetter $letter
    Write-Host "映像文件：$($il.WimPath)" -ForegroundColor Cyan
    $il.Images | ForEach-Object { "  [{0}] {1}   {2}" -f $_.Index, $_.Name, $_.Size }
    return
}

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 1. 系统盘
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

function New-LabSystemDisk {
    Assert-LabElevated -Why '创建/分区 VHDX 与 DISM 展开映像'
    $espGuid = '{c12a7328-f81f-11d2-ba4b-00a0c93ec93b}'

    New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path (Split-Path -Parent $cfg.VhdxPath) | Out-Null
    if ((Test-Path -LiteralPath $cfg.VhdxPath) -and $Recreate) {
        Write-LabLog "删除已有 VHDX：$($cfg.VhdxPath)" 'WARN'
        $mounted = Get-VHD -Path $cfg.VhdxPath -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
        if ($mounted -and $mounted.Attached) { Dismount-VHD -Path $cfg.VhdxPath }
        Remove-Item -LiteralPath $cfg.VhdxPath -Force
    }
    if (-not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $cfg.VhdxPath)) {
        New-VHD -Path $cfg.VhdxPath -SizeBytes ($cfg.VhdxSizeGB * 1GB) -Dynamic | Out-Null
        Write-LabLog "已创建动态 VHDX（$($cfg.VhdxSizeGB) GB）：$($cfg.VhdxPath)" 'STEP'
    }

    $vhd = Mount-VHD -Path $cfg.VhdxPath -Passthru
    $disk = $vhd | Get-Disk

    if ($disk.PartitionStyle -eq 'RAW') {
        # Initialize-Disk 会顺手塞一个 MSR，先删掉，按 UEFI 规范自己建：ESP(300MB FAT32) + Windows(剩余 NTFS)
        Initialize-Disk -Number $disk.Number -PartitionStyle GPT -Confirm:$false | Out-Null
        Get-Partition -DiskNumber $disk.Number -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue |
            Where-Object { $_.Type -eq 'Reserved' } | ForEach-Object { Remove-Partition -DiskNumber $_.DiskNumber -PartitionNumber $_.PartitionNumber -Confirm:$false }

        $efi = New-Partition -DiskNumber $disk.Number -Size 300MB -GptType $espGuid -AssignDriveLetter
        Format-Volume -Partition $efi -FileSystem FAT32 -NewFileSystemLabel 'System' -Confirm:$false -Force | Out-Null
        $win = New-Partition -DiskNumber $disk.Number -UseMaximumSize -AssignDriveLetter
        Format-Volume -Partition $win -FileSystem NTFS -NewFileSystemLabel 'Windows' -Confirm:$false -Force | Out-Null
        Write-LabLog '已完成 GPT 分区（ESP 类型已按 EFI System Partition 建立）与格式化' 'STEP'
    }

    $efiPart = Get-Partition -DiskNumber $disk.Number | Where-Object GptType -EQ $espGuid
    $winPart = Get-Partition -DiskNumber $disk.Number | Where-Object { $_.GptType -eq '{ebd0a0a2-b9e5-4433-87c0-68b6b72699c7}' -and $_.Size -gt 1GB }
    if (-not $efiPart -or -not $winPart) { throw '分区布局不符合预期（ESP / Windows 分区没找到）' }
    $efiLetter = $efiPart.DriveLetter
    $winLetter = $winPart.DriveLetter
    if (-not $efiLetter) { Set-Partition -DiskNumber $disk.Number -PartitionNumber $efiPart.PartitionNumber -NewDriveLetter 'S'; $efiLetter = 'S' }
    if (-not $winLetter) { Set-Partition -DiskNumber $disk.Number -PartitionNumber $winPart.PartitionNumber -NewDriveLetter 'W'; $winLetter = 'W' }
    Write-LabLog "ESP = $efiLetter`:，Windows = $winLetter`:" 'STEP'

    # ---- 展开映像 ----
    if (-not (Test-Path -LiteralPath "$winLetter`:\Windows\System32\ntoskrnl.exe")) {
        $di = Get-IsoVolume
        $isoLetter = ($di | Get-Volume).DriveLetter
        $il = Get-ImageList -IsoLetter $isoLetter
        $pick = $il.Images | Where-Object Index -EQ $cfg.ImageIndex
        if (-not $pick) { throw "ISO 里没有索引 $($cfg.ImageIndex)；可用：$($il.Images.Index -join ', ')" }
        Write-LabLog "展开映像 [$($pick.Index)] $($pick.Name) -> $winLetter`:（需要十几分钟）" 'STEP'
        $scratch = Get-LabPath 'scratch'
        $out = Get-LabPath 'logs\dism-apply.out'
        $err = Get-LabPath 'logs\dism-apply.err'
        $proc = Start-Process -FilePath 'dism.exe' -NoNewWindow -Wait -PassThru -RedirectStandardOutput $out -RedirectStandardError $err `
            -ArgumentList @('/English', '/Apply-Image', "/ImageFile:$($il.WimPath)", "/Index:$($pick.Index)", "/ApplyDir:$winLetter`:\", "/ScratchDir:$scratch")
        if ($proc.ExitCode -ne 0) { throw "DISM 展开失败，退出码 $($proc.ExitCode)，见 $out / $err" }
        Write-LabLog '映像展开完成' 'STEP'
    }
    else {
        Write-LabLog '系统盘上已有 Windows，跳过展开' 'WARN'
    }

    # ---- 注入负载与无人值守应答文件 ----
    Write-LabLog '注入 7-Zip / PowerShell 7 / Pester / 供给脚本' 'STEP'
    $payloadSrc = Join-Path $PSScriptRoot 'payload'
    $guestLab = Join-Path "$winLetter`:\" ($cfg.GuestLabPath.TrimStart('\'))
    foreach ($item in '7zip', 'pwsh', 'Pester', 'provision.ps1') {
        $src = Join-Path $payloadSrc $item
        $dst = Join-Path $guestLab ('payload\' + $item)
        if (Test-Path -LiteralPath $src) {
            $null = robocopy $src $dst /MIR /NFL /NDL /NJH /NJS /NP /R:1 /W:1
        }
        else {
            Write-LabLog "负载缺失（跳过）：$src" 'WARN'
        }
    }

    # 口令：随机生成，只留在宿主机 D:\VMs\BakNRet-Lab\state\credentials.json
    $password = New-LabPassword
    $credPath = Save-LabCredential -Password $password
    Write-LabLog "已生成 VM 凭据（$credPath）" 'STEP'

    $unattendSrc = Get-Content -LiteralPath (Join-Path $payloadSrc 'unattend.xml') -Raw -Encoding UTF8
    $unattendXml = $unattendSrc.Replace('__LABPASSWORD__', $password)
    $panther = Join-Path "$winLetter`:\" 'Windows\Panther'
    New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path $panther | Out-Null
    [System.IO.File]::WriteAllText((Join-Path $panther 'unattend.xml'), $unattendXml, [System.Text.UTF8Encoding]::new($true))
    Write-LabLog "已写入 $panther\unattend.xml" 'STEP'

    # ---- 引导 ----
    Write-LabLog 'bcdboot 写 UEFI 引导' 'STEP'
    & bcdboot.exe "$winLetter`:\Windows" /s "$efiLetter`:" /f UEFI | ForEach-Object { Write-LabLog "  $_" }
    if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { throw "bcdboot 失败，退出码 $LASTEXITCODE" }
    $bootMgr = Join-Path "$efiLetter`:\" 'EFI\Microsoft\Boot\bootmgfw.efi'
    if (-not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $bootMgr)) { throw "ESP 上没有 bootmgfw.efi：$bootMgr" }
    Write-LabLog "引导文件就位：$bootMgr" 'STEP'

    Dismount-VHD -Path $cfg.VhdxPath
    Write-LabLog '系统盘已完成并卸载' 'STEP'
}

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 2. 虚拟机
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

function New-LabVM {
    Assert-LabElevated -Why '创建/配置 Hyper-V 虚拟机'
    $vm = Get-LabVm
    if (-not $vm) {
        Write-LabLog "创建虚拟机 $($cfg.VmName)（Gen2 / $($cfg.MemoryStartupGB) GB / $($cfg.CpuCount) vCPU）" 'STEP'
        $vm = New-VM -Name $cfg.VmName -Generation 2 -MemoryStartupBytes ($cfg.MemoryStartupGB * 1GB) `
            -VHDPath $cfg.VhdxPath -SwitchName $cfg.SwitchName
        Set-VMProcessor -VMName $cfg.VmName -Count $cfg.CpuCount
        Set-VMFirmware -VMName $cfg.VmName -EnableSecureBoot Off
        Set-VM -Name $cfg.VmName -AutomaticStopAction TurnOff -AutomaticStartAction Nothing
        # 集成服务名随系统语言变化（中文是「来宾服务接口」），按状态启用而不是按名字找
        Get-VMIntegrationService -VMName $cfg.VmName | Where-Object { -not $_.Enabled } |
            ForEach-Object { Enable-VMIntegrationService -VMName $cfg.VmName -Name $_.Name }
    }
    else {
        Write-LabLog "虚拟机 $($cfg.VmName) 已存在（状态 $($vm.State)）" 'WARN'
        if (-not (Get-VMHardDiskDrive -VMName $cfg.VmName | Where-Object Path -EQ $cfg.VhdxPath)) {
            Add-VMHardDiskDrive -VMName $cfg.VmName -Path $cfg.VhdxPath
        }
    }
    $vm = Get-LabVm
    if ($vm.State -ne 'Running') {
        Write-LabLog '启动虚拟机' 'STEP'
        Start-VM -Name $cfg.VmName
        if (-not (Wait-LabVMRunning -TimeoutSeconds 180)) { throw '虚拟机没有进入 Running' }
    }
    Write-LabLog "虚拟机状态：$((Get-LabVm).State)" 'STEP'
}

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 3. 供给与检查点
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

function Wait-LabProvision {
    Assert-LabElevated -Why 'PowerShell Direct 需要管理员'
    Write-LabLog '等待 VM 内供给脚本完成（首次启动要几分钟）' 'STEP'
    $sw = [Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew()
    while ($sw.Elapsed.TotalMinutes -lt 30) {
        if (Test-LabGuestReady) {
            Write-LabLog "供给完成，耗时 $([math]::Round($sw.Elapsed.TotalMinutes,1)) 分钟" 'STEP'
            $facts = Invoke-LabCommand -ScriptBlock { Get-Content -Encoding UTF8 'C:\BakNRet-Lab\state\provisioned.json' -Raw }
            Write-Host $facts
            return
        }
        Start-Sleep -Seconds 15
    }
    throw '等待供给超时（30 分钟）；用 Lab.ps1 -Verb console 到 VM 里看一眼 provision.log'
}

function New-LabCheckpoint {
    Assert-LabElevated -Why '创建 Hyper-V 检查点'
    $existing = Get-VMSnapshot -VMName $cfg.VmName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Where-Object Name -EQ $cfg.CheckpointName
    if ($existing) { Write-LabLog "检查点 $($cfg.CheckpointName) 已存在，跳过" 'WARN'; return }
    Checkpoint-VM -Name $cfg.VmName -SnapshotName $cfg.CheckpointName
    Write-LabLog "已创建检查点 $($cfg.CheckpointName)（Lab.ps1 -Verb reset 可回到此状态）" 'STEP'
}

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 主流程
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

if ($Stage -in @('all', 'disk')) { New-LabSystemDisk }
if ($Stage -in @('all', 'vm')) { New-LabVM }
if ($Stage -in @('all', 'provision')) { Wait-LabProvision; New-LabCheckpoint }

Write-LabLog '搭建流程结束' 'STEP'